Ī commander in the Coast Guard may typically command a medium endurance cutter or a small air station. An officer in the rank of commander who commands a vessel may also be referred to as "captain" as a courtesy title, or informally referred to as "skipper." Commanding officers of aviation squadrons and smaller shore activities may also be informally referred to as "skipper" but never as "captain" unless they actually hold the rank of captain, e.g., military pay grade O-6, as would be the case for certain Fleet Replacement Squadron commanding officers and a wide range of both small and large shore activities. DOPMA/ROPMA guidelines suggest that 70% of lieutenant commanders should be promoted to commander after serving a minimum of three years at their present rank and after attaining 15–17 years of cumulative commissioned service, although this percentage may vary and be appreciably less for certain officer designators (i.e., primary "specialties") dependent on defense budgets, force structure and needs of the service.Ī commander in the Navy may command a frigate, destroyer, submarine, aviation squadron or small shore activity, or may serve on a staff afloat or ashore (typically as an action officer or as an executive officer to a flag officer or general officer), or a larger vessel afloat (as either a department head or executive officer). Promotion to commander in the Navy is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980 or its companion Reserve Officer Personnel Management Act (ROPMA). Notably, it is the first rank at which the holder wears an embellished cap whereas officers of the other military services are entitled to embellishment of similar headgear at O-4 rank. Commander is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant colonel in the other uniformed services. Commander ranks above lieutenant commander (O-4) and below captain (O-6).
In the Navy, the Coast Guard, the NOAA Corps, and the Public Health Service Corps, commander (abbreviated "CDR") is a senior-grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-5. Captain 2nd Grade, or Master Commandant, became Commander in 1838. The Continental Navy had the tri-graded captain ranks. With the Master and Commander also serving as captain of smaller ships the Royal Navy subsumed as the third and lowest of three grades of captain given the various sizes of ships.
Sub-captain, under-captain, rector and master-commanding were also used for the same position. The commander rank started out as "Master and Commander" in 1674 within the Royal Navy for the officer responsible for sailing a ship under the Captain and sometimes second-in-command. It is also used as a rank or title in non-military organizations particularly in law enforcement. In the United States, commander is a military rank that is also sometimes used as a military billet title-the designation of someone who manages living quarters or a base-depending on the branch of service. Navy commander Ann Claire Phillips, first commanding officer of USS Mustin, in 2003.
Rank used in the military and police of the United States U.S.
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